[Abstract] people are the leading role of the environment, healthy and comfortable environment can have a positive impact on the work, life and rest. One of the tasks of human engineering is to make people and environment to coordinate, so that the human machine environment system to achieve an ideal state. Office furniture is the main body of the office space, but also with the most closely contact one of the objects, it's comfortable and not to direct impact on people's work, study and rest, so their shape and scale must be to human scale as the main basis.
[Key words] human body engineering, human scale, office furniture
　　
1 Introduction
In office design, the design of the working environment is reasonable or not, will have a direct impact on the efficiency of work. Office furniture system is an important part of the working environment, the work environment of the pros and cons of the role of the decision. A perfect combination of the work environment and office furniture, both to ensure the physical environment suitable for human characteristics, enable people to work in health scientific and reasonable way, and at the same time, the experience to bring the fun. Therefore the importance of ergonomics in the design of office furniture has been more and more attention by designers.
2 the concept of ergonomics
Ergonomics (Human Engineering), also known as ergonomics or ergonomics, mainly discusses the people work effect and effectiveness of law, the relationship between the three elements in the study of "man machine environment" system, to solve the efficiency of the system, health problems, provide the theory and method of subject.
3 design and human scale elements
The shape of any object itself has no scale of the concept, only when compared with other factors, it has produced a standard scale. Therefore, the introduction of a "unit size standards" in the design, so that the comparison between the scale is the first principle to create a good scale of office design.
The application and significance of human scale factors in office furniture 4
4.1 man-machine analysis of office furniture
The comfort degree of the working chair directly affects the health of the workers and the working efficiency. At present, more and more people in the whole world to take a sitting position, the work of the seat and related analysis has increasingly become a designer and human engineering research topics.
Seat height, is to the seat (sciatic nodes) reference point for measurement and design, highly usually set between the 390mm-420mm, because height is less than 380mm, will of the knee discomfort, it is difficult to stand up; height greater than human lower limb length of 500mm, disperse the body pressure to the thigh part, the medial thigh compression, leg swelling. In addition, the width, depth, angle of inclination and the bending degree of the back of the seat are all fully considered the human body size and the activities of the various parts of the body.
Office work is usually performed on a horizontal table, but a study has found that a moderately sloping mesa is more suitable for this type of job. When the table tilt 12 degrees to 24 degrees, people's posture is natural, the movement of the trunk is small, compared with the level of surface, fatigue and discomfort decreased.
The height of the working face is one of the essential factors to be decided. The working face is too low, excessive back flexion; if it is too high, you must shoulder elevation, more than its relaxed position, causing discomfort in the shoulders and neck. General working surface height should be below the elbow 50mm-100mm. For a particular job, the work surface height depends on the nature of the work, the personal preferences, the height of the seat, the thickness of the working face, the thickness of the worker's thigh, etc..
4.2 human computer analysis of office partitions
Office screen type partition height is to block the people's attention, people's position determines the height of the partition. 1200mm below the low partition the illicit close sex of the insurable posture, 1520mm partition, can provide higher visual privacy. The third partition about 20-30mm above, provides the highest confidentiality, but will have a sense of oppression.
If you do not know how to use the reasonable data, understand the nature of the human body engineering data, will only be mechanically used, it will have the opposite effect.
4.3 the significance of human factors in office furniture
Human engineering is an emerging discipline, human scale factors in the application of the depth and breadth of office furniture, to be further carefully developed, the current application has been carried out as follows:
4.3.1 to determine the people in the room to provide the main basis for activities
Before determining the scope of the space, we must first make clear the number of the use of the number of people, and the direction of each person's activities. Secondly, we must make clear the nature of the use of space, the occupation of the area and the number of furniture, etc.. In this way, the space can be determined.
4.3.2 provides the main basis for determining the scale and scope of use of furniture and facilities.
Office furniture is the main body of the office space, and the closest contact, so their shape, scale must to human scale as the main basis; at the same time, people in order to use these furniture and facilities, the surrounding must leave the activities and the use of the smallest room, these requirements can to from the point of view of ergonomics to give a reasonable solution.
4.3.3 advocates human centered design with "people"
Whether in the design of the overall planning or design details, are from the use of convenience and comfort, make people's life, work, entertainment and other activities more efficient, safe, comfortable, harmonious. The relationship between the user and the office environment determines the degree of office comfort, the degree of care for the staff and work efficiency. In the work space design, the most important is the office furniture and related design. People usually spend their working hours in their own work space, so how to ensure the working environment to adapt to the needs of the human body will be very important. Therefore, we should emphasize the importance of the relationship between workers and office furniture system.
Five. Conclusion
Office furniture system should follow the elastic, principle of economy and pleasant, the key is to on the human body measure as a benchmark, according to the different characteristics and tailored to the needs of, the office furniture system in general the basic function and special function flexible permutation and combination, make the working system more flexible convenient flexible and diverse.
reference：
[1] Yang Weidi: "human body engineering and interior design", Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press, 2005
[2] Ji Liang, "architectural design", Tianjin: Tianjin science and Technology Press, 2001
[3] Liu Chunrong, "Application of human body engineering", Shanghai: Shanghai people's fine arts publishing house, 2004